development

Title :

How sustainable peace and development manageable through cooperation and partnership with means of justice in international level?

DahaKim

Necessity/Purpose of Research : To see value of peace and justice
Research Contents and Method : Qualitative, Library, Internet based
Expected Result and Utilization of Research : Approve that sustainable peace and development, and the immediate protection of civilians, are impossible without upholding human rights.

–Essay Design
Question: How nuclear tourism can be used as a strategy of United Korea Peninsular?
Working Title: Development of nuclear tourism development zone in North Korea
:for the process of United Korea Peninsular
Purpose of Study:
To understand and analyze the role of nuclear tourism and tourism zones
To investigate how those tourism areas can be used in the age of nuclear weapon by applying patterns of game theory
To suggest how to use tourism as a security strategy for the United Korean Peninsular.
Method and Data: Case studies analyze, Discourse Analysis, Library&Internet-based(Analyze articles, books and newspaper)

Content Table:
Introduction
B. The Comparative Analysis of Oxfam and ICC in Mali
Oxfam’s role and vision
ICC’s role and vision
C. Humanitarian law and funding
a.Human Development Index HDI
b.Humanitarian Law
c.Humanitarian Funding for aid
d.Humanitarian Coordinator:what they do?
D. Conclusion

Oxfam is working with people on the ground to find solutions based on the local communities’ knowledge, expertise, and resources.

  a.Human Development Index HDI 

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a statistical tool used to measure a country’s overall achievement in its social and economic dimensions. Deliberate destruction of cultural heritage not only affects people’s historical identity but fuels sectarian violence and hampers post-conflict recovery and peace building. The protection of cultural property in armed conflicts, as this is a humanitarian and security imperative.

  b.Humanitarian Law

International humanitarian law is a set of rules
c.Humanitarian Funding for aid
d.Humanitarian Coordinator:what they do?
Leadership and coordination by an empowered
UN Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator (RC/HC) who facilitates joint problem statements, and the identification, implementation and financing of collective outcomes,
Oct 2016, Camalaniugan, Cagayan,
Philippines – The Government rapid
damage assessment team (right) talks
to the affected community following
Typhoon Haima. Credit: OCHA / T. Arao
11
engages with the national and local authorities and supports connectivity between all
actors and capacities available in country to contribute to such outcomes. To fulfil these
functions, the RC/HC would need to be supported by adequate capacity and resources, and collective and individual accountability of actors contributing to this approach
would need to be strengthened.

Peacebuilding Coordination
All peacebuilders are interdependent in that they cannot achieve peace by themselves

lists five factors which could inhibit effective and efficient coordination: a lead agency’s lack of power (sticks and carrots), a lack of visibility and an inability to mobilize resources, high costs, the existence of ineffective structures (a multiplicity of actors who act autonomously), and the lack of leadership.

Dimensions of Coordination
An assessment of cooperation and coordination in peacebuilding implies an analysis of the (1) spaces of coordination, (2) the participation, (3) the elements of coordination, (4) the degree of coordination, and (5) strategy formation.

Spaces of coordination: Most analysts distinguish four coordination spaces: (a) agency coordination or consistency between the politics and actions of an individual agency, (b) whole-government coordination or consistency among the policies of different agencies in a country, (c) external-donor coherence or consistency between the policies pursued by external actors in a country, and (d) internal–external coordination, or consistency between the policies of internal and external actors in a conflict zone
Elements of coordination: Coordination can be focused on the articulation and implementation of the overall peacebuilding strategy and the operational/tactical level of field operations.

To get a better understanding of the degree of coherence achieved in peacebuilding operations, it would be useful to study the nature of coordination and coherence in the six components of peacebuilding architecture: (1) the end state or definition of peace and theoretical assumptions about the preconditions to achieve that peace, (2) the baseline or analysis of the conflict and the peacebuilding deficiency, (3) the analysis of the context, (4) the planning of the peacebuilding process, (5) the nature of coordination, and (6) the monitoring and evaluation of the impact of the peacebuilding efforts (Reychler 2009).

The degree of coordination: Jones and Cherif (2003) distinguish integrated, coordinated, parallel, and sequential peace operations. In integrated operations the full scope of operations is managed within a single chain of command.

De Coning uses a scale going from coherence, cooperation, and collaboration to coexistence. Coherence, the highest degree of coordination, refers to a coalition that acts upon a standard mandate, strategic vision, and objectives (Friis and Jarmyr 2008). Jordan and Schout (2006) measure coordination on a nine-level Metcalfe scale: independent policy making, exchange of information, consultation, speaking with one voice, looking for consensus, conciliation, arbitration, setting margins, and working towards a specified objective.

Coordination Mechanisms and Structures

Most researchers have analyzed and evaluated existing coordination mechanisms and structures, and some have generated alternative models of coordination.

There is, for example, a considerable amount of research about the United Nations peacebuilding and integrated missions. Jones (2002) lists among the successful cases the role of the Special Representatives of the Secretary General (SRSGs), the continuity of key actors, the role of friend groups, and coordination mechanisms. Jordan and Schout (2006) have produced an interesting and critical analysis of the coordination in the European Union.

Ricigliano (2003) introduced the concept of a Network of Effective Action (NEA) as a set of practices for collaboration that is capable of facilitating integrated approaches to peacebuilding both on the ground and in terms of the theoretical development of the field.

The nexus between peacemaking, political change, development, peacekeeping, building, and reconciliation has become a central focus of the research, and peacebuilding the common framework within which the interactions between the activities are studied.

Facilitating the Coordination of International Support for Africa’s Development,
Humanitarian Aid Coordination During War and Peace

Leadership in humanitarian coordination

By peace we mean the capacity to transform conflicts with empathy and creativity, and without violence .

The reason why I picked 17 is because HDPnexus is impossible without coordination. the concepts of cooperation, collaboration, coordination and integration are used interchangeably.
It is for the strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for humanitarian development.

Peace and conflict studies is a social science field that identifies and analyzes violent and nonviolent behaviours as well as the structural mechanisms attending conflicts (including social conflicts),

Johan Galtung, the father of peace studies often refers to the distinction between ‘negative peace’ and ‘positive peace’ (e.g. Galtung 1996). Negative peace refers to the absence of violence. When, for example, a ceasefire is enacted, a negative peace will ensue.

It is negative because something undesirable stopped happening (e.g. the violence stopped, the oppression ended). Positive peace is filled with positive content such as restoration of relationships, the creation of social systems that serve the needs of the whole population and the constructive resolution of conflict.

Unipolarity means that one great power that cannot be challenged.
Bipolarity meant two power in opposition so USSR and USA in cold war could be the example.

1
the New
Way of Working represents an opportunity to deliver greater efficiencies and have a greater
impact with the limited (and diminishing) Official Development Assistance (ODA) resources.

2
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is an international organisation that works to build better policies for better lives. Our goal is to shape policies that foster prosperity, equality, opportunity and well-being for all. We draw on almost 60 years of experience and insights to better prepare the world of tomorrow.

3

The OECD Development Assistance Committee is a unique international forum of many of the largest providers of aid, including 30 members. The DAC holds High Level Meetings (generally every 2-3 years) whose participants are development ministers. In between High Level Meetings, the DAC convenes Senior Level Meetings (attended by heads of aid agencies) to review the Committee’s work on current policy issues. Ordinary DAC meetings are attended by Paris-based delegates of DAC members and by officials from member capitals.

4

Durebang is an organization and counseling center that works to eliminate prostitution and human trafficking for purposes of sexual exploitation within camptowns and to challenge militarism.

Durebang was established in March 1986 with the goal of assisting marginalized and oppressed women in camptowns to regain self-worth and lead healthful lives. Durebang has worked with women of various backgrounds who face different challenges within the camptowns and with U.S. soldiers.

Saeumto, another counseling/advocacy center, was formed after its founders were unable to reconcile differences over organizational leadership styles
the Korean Women’s Movement against Military Prostitution

5
The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) ensuring humanitarian protection and assistance for victims of war and other situations of violence

6oxfam

Representatives of States Parties meet and provide management oversight for the Court, including electing judges and the Prosecutor and approving the ICC’s budget

Four organs of the ICC
Presidency
Conducts external relations with States, coordinates judicial matters such as assigning judges, situations and cases to divisions, and oversees the Registry’s administrative work

Judicial Divisions
18 judges in 3 divisions –Pre-Trial, Trial and Appeals –conduct judicial proceedings

OTP
Conducts preliminary examinations, investigations, and prosecutions

Registry
Conducts non-judicial activities, such as security, interpretation, outreach, support to Defence and victims’ lawyers, and more

According to the theory on coordination, and as shown in Table I, one advantage of horizontal coordination is that it can achieve advantages of scale and individual clusters would be expected to achieve some aspects of this. However, one particular challenge for the cluster system is that effective coordination across different clusters can be crucial to serving the beneficiary.

The main effect of vertical coordination in the literature is to synchronise different levels of a supply chain for overall efficiency and to improve customer service by making all participants focus on the final customers’ needs.Peacemaking, peacekeeping, and peacebuilding have generated considerable interest in the areas of education, research, and politics. This can be attributed in part to the growing recognition that there are limits to violence and that proactive violence prevention is more cost-effective than reactive conflict prevention.

Peacebuilding became part of the official discourse when the United Nations Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali introduced the concept of post-conflict peacebuilding in the Agenda for Peace. The agenda specified four areas of action relating to preventive diplomacy, peacemaking, peacekeeping, and peacebuilding.

Two important documents have helped bring peacebuilding to the mainstream: the 2000 Brahimi Report, a response to the failures of complex UN peacekeeping in the 1990s, and In Larger Freedom: Towards Development, Security and Human Rights, which led to the establishment of the Peacebuilding Commission. Conflict prevention and peacebuilding have also been mainstreamed in the European Union and in most of the foreign offices of the member states.

A central focus of studies on peacebuilding is the interrelationships between peacemaking, political change, development, peacekeeping, and reconciliation. Despite the progress made in terms of research, there are a number of gaps and challenges that still need to be addressed.

Many analysts, for example, leave the end state vague and implicit and make no systematic differentiation between different types of peace. With respect to context, two salient issues require more attention: the qualities of a peacebuilder and the role of integrative power.

The widest research gap is found in the planning of the peacebuilding process.
Peacebuilding has become embedded in the organizational theory and praxis of national governments, nongovernmental organizations, and regional and global intergovernmental organizations.

The peacemaking is action to bring hostile parties to agreement, essentially through such peaceful means as those foreseen in Chapter VI of the Charter, (3) peacekeeping is the deployment of a United Nations military and civilian presence in the field to expand the possibilities for both the prevention of the conflict and the making of peace, and (4) peacebuilding is action to identify and support structures which will tend to strengthen and solidify peace in order to avoid a relapse into conflict.

They face key humanitarianand development challenges such as limited access to health and education services as well as economic and social marginalization. Peace is an aim of power. In western societies since the Middle Age, the exercise of power has always been formulated in terms of law. Power as a pure limit set on freedom is, at least in our society, the general form of its acceptability. The pure form of power resides in the function of the legislator.

Writer: ©DahaKim 김다하